How much pressure will yeast create when mixed with an acid, base and neutral?
Hypothesis: The yeast will have more pressure in the base because the acid will break down the yeast particles and the neutral will keep the pressure level pretty much the same.
Materials:
-Hydrogen Peroxide (HP)
-Soda
-Antacid
-Milk
-Yeast
-Dropper
-Test tube rack
-Yeast suspension
-10 mL graduated cylinder
-1 hole stopper assembly
-Computer
-Vernier Computer interface
-Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor (GPS)
Procedures:
Connect the GPS to the computer interface. Start the Vernier data-collection program and open the file "24 Yeast Beasts" from the Middle School Science with Vernier folder. Next, place 3 test tubes in a test tube rack and label them A, N, B (acid, neutral, base respectively). Add 3 mL of HP and 3 mL of each mixture (A, N, B) to its test tube. Next, the yeast suspension need to be made. Fill a beaker with 20 mL of water and then pour 1/2 teaspoon into the beaker and the suspension system is made. After this, add 2 drops of yeast (roughly 1 mL) into Test Tube A. Insert the 1-hole stopper assemble into the test tube. Twist the stopper for an AIRTIGHT fit. The plastic tubing should not yet be attached to the stopper assembly. Swirl the tube to thoroughly mix its contents and stand the test tube in the rack. Connect the free end of the plastic tubing to the connector in the rubber stopper. Click "Collect" to begin data collection. Data will be collected for 2 minutes. Don't shake the test tube during data collection. When collection ends, record the highest pressure for this run. Click "Story: from the experiment menu to store your data. Disconnect the tubing from the rubber stopper and remove the rubber stopper from the test tube. Repeat these steps with Test Tube N and Test Tube B.
Results:
Acid:
Initial Pressure: 100.2 kPa
End Pressure: 106.2
Neutral:
IPressure: 99.5
EPressure: 104.1
Base:
IPressure: 99.9
EPressure: 106.7
It turns out that my hypothesis correct. Out of the three test tubes, the base had the most pressure. When the data was collecting, the base looked like it was going to lose by a very short margin to the acid, but luckily it pulled through. (For diagrams and pictures, ask to see them. They didn't want to insert.) I knew my hypothesis was right for many reasons. First of all, I knew about the properties of acids. The purpose for stomach acid is breaking down food particles to speed up digestion. I knew that the soda would have the same effect. Second, I knew what would happen when a neutral was introduced. When something is diluted with water, it usually means that the first liquid loses some or all of its properties. Thanks to this background knowledge, I was able to make a good hypothesis that turned out right. I think this is the first time I was ever right for a lab.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Thursday, March 17, 2011
Conservation of Mass Investigation
Materials:
A supply of Pop Rocks
A 20 ox bottle of soda (Full and Empty)
A balloon
A funnel
1 tsp. baking soda
50 mL of vinegar
2 balloons
Hypothesis: Wen the Pop Rocks go into the soda, it will fizzle and dissolve. The Pop Rocks gradually dissolve when introduced to liquid, so the reaction will be the same.
Pop Rocks: The first thing that we did was pour an entire package of Pop Rocks into an empty balloon. Next, take the bottle of soda and open it. Attach the balloon to the place where the cap goes but do not let the Pop Rocks fall into the soda yet. Once the balloon is attached and a secure seal is established, pour the Pop Rocks into the soda. Observe.
Vinegar: Take the empty soda bottle and put 50 mL of vinegar inside the empty bottle. Use the funnel and place 1 tsp of baking soda inside the balloon. Open the bottle of soda and attach the balloon, but do not let the baking soda fall into the soda yet. After the balloon is attached and a secure seal is established, pour the baking soda into the soda. Observe.
Compare the two reactions once the reaction is finished.
Results:
Pop Rocks
For the Pop Rock experiment, we didn't get much of a result. The reaction we saw in other groups was the balloon on top of the bottle filling with gas and then staying inflated above the soda bottle. Our balloon, coined "Peanut", unfortunately had a small leak, and lost of the gas came out of the bottle. We were able to put a more secure seal on, and then captured some of the gas in the balloon. This is what the bottle and balloon looked like:
Luckily, for the vinegar and baking soda, we got a cooler and better working reaction. When we poured the baking soda into the vinegar, the product was again gas, but there was more of it that filled the balloon. This balloon, coined "Monster", was almost the size of an apple when the balloon stopped growing. "Monster" looked like it could eat "Peanut" for breakfast, as it was probably four times bigger. For a picture of "Monster":
For a video showing the creation of "Monster" and then comparison's between "Monster" and "Peanut":
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVTHziF9yWE
Conclusion: It ended up that my hypothesis was half right. The Pop Rocks did fizz, but they didn't dissolve into the soda. The soda and Pop Rocks fizzed because tiny bubbles of CO2 were being released when the substances mixed together. I won't go into depth about the vinegar and baking soda, because everybody knows about the experiment where you put vinegar and baking soda together and it fizzes up and it seems like your liquid level grows. I believe that we added to much baking soda to the vinegar, and then too little Pop Rocks to the soda. Our balloon broke, and that definitely affected our results.
Hey, I triple dog dare you to eat Pop Rocks and then drink soda. See what happens.
A supply of Pop Rocks
A 20 ox bottle of soda (Full and Empty)
A balloon
A funnel
1 tsp. baking soda
50 mL of vinegar
2 balloons
Hypothesis: Wen the Pop Rocks go into the soda, it will fizzle and dissolve. The Pop Rocks gradually dissolve when introduced to liquid, so the reaction will be the same.
Pop Rocks: The first thing that we did was pour an entire package of Pop Rocks into an empty balloon. Next, take the bottle of soda and open it. Attach the balloon to the place where the cap goes but do not let the Pop Rocks fall into the soda yet. Once the balloon is attached and a secure seal is established, pour the Pop Rocks into the soda. Observe.
Vinegar: Take the empty soda bottle and put 50 mL of vinegar inside the empty bottle. Use the funnel and place 1 tsp of baking soda inside the balloon. Open the bottle of soda and attach the balloon, but do not let the baking soda fall into the soda yet. After the balloon is attached and a secure seal is established, pour the baking soda into the soda. Observe.
Compare the two reactions once the reaction is finished.
Results:
Pop Rocks
For the Pop Rock experiment, we didn't get much of a result. The reaction we saw in other groups was the balloon on top of the bottle filling with gas and then staying inflated above the soda bottle. Our balloon, coined "Peanut", unfortunately had a small leak, and lost of the gas came out of the bottle. We were able to put a more secure seal on, and then captured some of the gas in the balloon. This is what the bottle and balloon looked like:
Luckily, for the vinegar and baking soda, we got a cooler and better working reaction. When we poured the baking soda into the vinegar, the product was again gas, but there was more of it that filled the balloon. This balloon, coined "Monster", was almost the size of an apple when the balloon stopped growing. "Monster" looked like it could eat "Peanut" for breakfast, as it was probably four times bigger. For a picture of "Monster":
For a video showing the creation of "Monster" and then comparison's between "Monster" and "Peanut":
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVTHziF9yWE
Conclusion: It ended up that my hypothesis was half right. The Pop Rocks did fizz, but they didn't dissolve into the soda. The soda and Pop Rocks fizzed because tiny bubbles of CO2 were being released when the substances mixed together. I won't go into depth about the vinegar and baking soda, because everybody knows about the experiment where you put vinegar and baking soda together and it fizzes up and it seems like your liquid level grows. I believe that we added to much baking soda to the vinegar, and then too little Pop Rocks to the soda. Our balloon broke, and that definitely affected our results.
Hey, I triple dog dare you to eat Pop Rocks and then drink soda. See what happens.
Friday, March 11, 2011
Chem Think; Chemical Reactions
1. Reactants.
2. Products
3. Chemical Change.
4. Rearrangement.
5. Breaking, forming.
6. Atoms
7. Missing, new.
8. Rearrange the bonds.
9. 2, 2, 1, 1.
10. 2, 1, 2
11. Law of Conservation of Mass
12. Atoms, Atoms
13. 2, 1, 2
14. R: 1, 2. P: 1, 1.
15. CuO, Cu
16. O, Cu, Cu
17. 2, 1, 2
18. 1, 2, 2, 1
19. 1, 3, 2
20. 2, 2, 3
21. 4, 3, 2
Summary.
1. Breaking old bonds and forming new ones or both.
2. Present before the reaction starts and when the reaction ends.
3. what, how many.
2. Products
3. Chemical Change.
4. Rearrangement.
5. Breaking, forming.
6. Atoms
7. Missing, new.
8. Rearrange the bonds.
9. 2, 2, 1, 1.
10. 2, 1, 2
11. Law of Conservation of Mass
12. Atoms, Atoms
13. 2, 1, 2
14. R: 1, 2. P: 1, 1.
15. CuO, Cu
16. O, Cu, Cu
17. 2, 1, 2
18. 1, 2, 2, 1
19. 1, 3, 2
20. 2, 2, 3
21. 4, 3, 2
Summary.
1. Breaking old bonds and forming new ones or both.
2. Present before the reaction starts and when the reaction ends.
3. what, how many.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Polymer Lab Group Investigation
My lab group:
Amber
Katie
Me (Dean)
My group conducted two experiments. We tasked ourselves with making a plastic, and making a polymer bouncy ball. The results for making a plastic are pending (Diagrams are in this experiment), because we are letting the beaker with the solution sit overnight. However, the results for the bouncy ball experiment our ready.
Materials:
-Water
-Stirring Rod
-Corn Starch
-Borax (sodium borate)
-White Elmer's Glue (polyvinyl acetate)
-Food Coloring
-Measuring spoons
-1 500 mL beaker
-1 250 mL beaker
-Ruler
Bouncy Ball Experiment
The objective for this experiment was to of course, make a polymer bouncy ball.
Our hypothesis is as follows: If we add cornstarch to a lab we have already preformed, the What is a Polymer Lab, then the ball will be bouncier then the first. We think that the cornstarch will act as a tighter bonding agent. The borax will first bond the monomers, then the cornstarch will act like a strengthener to the borax. Making the bond between the monomers stronger and tighter giving more of a bounce.
What we wanted to happen and what actually happened couldn't be more different.
When we stirred the glue/borax-water solution/corn starch we got something like this.
We tried as hard as we could to get the polymer (Substance A) into a nicely shaped ball, but we couldn't accomplish it. When we dropped Substance A to see if it would bounce, we noticed that Substance A never lost contact with the table. We didn't even try to do a rebound test because we knew that we wouldn't be able to record measures.
After we figured out Substance A was a failure, we decided to hastily make another ball to fix any mistakes we may have made. We made the ball and measured everything correctly this time. When we finished stirring and molding the ball, we compared our two polymers.
Our new bouncy ball (Substance B) looked more promising then Substance A, but Murphy's Law kicked in, and we were proved wrong. Substance B had the same, if not less rebound results as Substance A. Overall, this lab would be categorized as a failure.
Pffffft. :(
Look in the comments for the report on our first experiment, "Making a Plastic."
Amber
Katie
Me (Dean)
My group conducted two experiments. We tasked ourselves with making a plastic, and making a polymer bouncy ball. The results for making a plastic are pending (Diagrams are in this experiment), because we are letting the beaker with the solution sit overnight. However, the results for the bouncy ball experiment our ready.
Materials:
-Water
-Stirring Rod
-Corn Starch
-Borax (sodium borate)
-White Elmer's Glue (polyvinyl acetate)
-Food Coloring
-Measuring spoons
-1 500 mL beaker
-1 250 mL beaker
-Ruler
Bouncy Ball Experiment
The objective for this experiment was to of course, make a polymer bouncy ball.
Our hypothesis is as follows: If we add cornstarch to a lab we have already preformed, the What is a Polymer Lab, then the ball will be bouncier then the first. We think that the cornstarch will act as a tighter bonding agent. The borax will first bond the monomers, then the cornstarch will act like a strengthener to the borax. Making the bond between the monomers stronger and tighter giving more of a bounce.
What we wanted to happen and what actually happened couldn't be more different.
When we stirred the glue/borax-water solution/corn starch we got something like this.
We tried as hard as we could to get the polymer (Substance A) into a nicely shaped ball, but we couldn't accomplish it. When we dropped Substance A to see if it would bounce, we noticed that Substance A never lost contact with the table. We didn't even try to do a rebound test because we knew that we wouldn't be able to record measures.
After we figured out Substance A was a failure, we decided to hastily make another ball to fix any mistakes we may have made. We made the ball and measured everything correctly this time. When we finished stirring and molding the ball, we compared our two polymers.
Our new bouncy ball (Substance B) looked more promising then Substance A, but Murphy's Law kicked in, and we were proved wrong. Substance B had the same, if not less rebound results as Substance A. Overall, this lab would be categorized as a failure.
Pffffft. :(
Look in the comments for the report on our first experiment, "Making a Plastic."
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Sodium Silicate Polymer Lab Inverstigation
Problem: Can we form a sodium silicate polymer?
Hypothesis: If we mix Sodium-Silicate solution to the ethyl alcohol, a hard dense polymer will be made.
Materials:
Sodium Silicate 12ml
Ethyl Alcohol 3mL
2 small beakers
Stirring rod
Paper Towels
Ruler
Graduated Cylinder
Plastic Spoon
Our objective in this experiment was to create a polymer out of sodium silicate and ethyl alcohol. When sodium silicate reacts with alcohol, the resulting substance is a crystalline object that looks somewhat like this (for video, see bottom of page):
After we took out our object, we molded the object into a spherical shape. After the polymer was molded, we had to perform "rebound" tests. This test was showing the height of the polymer after it was dropped from 30 cm high. Another variable that was used was temperature. For the first trial, we dropped the ball 10 times, and our average height was 19.3 cm. For the second trial, we put the ball in a refrigerator for 10 minutes, and then dropped it again 10 times. Our average was 17.3 cm.
Questions
What characteristics are similar between your two types of polymers you have made? Differences? Both of the polymers were white. Each solution used sodium in some way, and the time it took for the polymers to...materialize was relatively quick. Some differences would include: shape, adhesiveness, ability to mold, look at texture.
Most commercial polymers are carbon based. What similar properties to silicon and carbon share that may contribute to their abilities to polymerize? Similar properties, hmm. Silicon and carbon have the same chemical structure, both silicon and carbon have many opportunities to bound with other elements or compounds, they are both semiconductors, silicon is made using carbon electrodes, silicon and carbon both crystallize in a diamond cubic crystal structure.
Plastics are made of organic (carbon based) polymers. What similarity does the silicone polymer share with the plastics? Silicon is also a carbon based element.
How did you know that a chemical reaction had taken place when the when the two liquids where mixed? When the liquid turned into a solid and wouldn't conform to the shape of the beaker or spoon.
How could you find out what liquid was pressed out of the mass of crumbled solid as you formed the ball? I know this isn't safe, but tasting the liquid? You would know it wasn't water when you tasted it, so you could make an educated guess because you knew what the materials were.
Compare your ball with those of the other members of class. How many properties can you compare? Well to start off, our ball was unusually large, and I'm wondering if we put too much of something into the mix. The colors are the same, and generally, the shape is the same too. The range of average's is close together, and most of the heights are fairly equal. Overall, most of the groups got similar results.
For a video showing how the polymer was made, the unchilled rebound test, and the chilled rebound test...watch this.
Hypothesis: If we mix Sodium-Silicate solution to the ethyl alcohol, a hard dense polymer will be made.
Materials:
Sodium Silicate 12ml
Ethyl Alcohol 3mL
2 small beakers
Stirring rod
Paper Towels
Ruler
Graduated Cylinder
Plastic Spoon
Our objective in this experiment was to create a polymer out of sodium silicate and ethyl alcohol. When sodium silicate reacts with alcohol, the resulting substance is a crystalline object that looks somewhat like this (for video, see bottom of page):
After we took out our object, we molded the object into a spherical shape. After the polymer was molded, we had to perform "rebound" tests. This test was showing the height of the polymer after it was dropped from 30 cm high. Another variable that was used was temperature. For the first trial, we dropped the ball 10 times, and our average height was 19.3 cm. For the second trial, we put the ball in a refrigerator for 10 minutes, and then dropped it again 10 times. Our average was 17.3 cm.
Questions
What characteristics are similar between your two types of polymers you have made? Differences? Both of the polymers were white. Each solution used sodium in some way, and the time it took for the polymers to...materialize was relatively quick. Some differences would include: shape, adhesiveness, ability to mold, look at texture.
Most commercial polymers are carbon based. What similar properties to silicon and carbon share that may contribute to their abilities to polymerize? Similar properties, hmm. Silicon and carbon have the same chemical structure, both silicon and carbon have many opportunities to bound with other elements or compounds, they are both semiconductors, silicon is made using carbon electrodes, silicon and carbon both crystallize in a diamond cubic crystal structure.
Plastics are made of organic (carbon based) polymers. What similarity does the silicone polymer share with the plastics? Silicon is also a carbon based element.
How did you know that a chemical reaction had taken place when the when the two liquids where mixed? When the liquid turned into a solid and wouldn't conform to the shape of the beaker or spoon.
How could you find out what liquid was pressed out of the mass of crumbled solid as you formed the ball? I know this isn't safe, but tasting the liquid? You would know it wasn't water when you tasted it, so you could make an educated guess because you knew what the materials were.
Compare your ball with those of the other members of class. How many properties can you compare? Well to start off, our ball was unusually large, and I'm wondering if we put too much of something into the mix. The colors are the same, and generally, the shape is the same too. The range of average's is close together, and most of the heights are fairly equal. Overall, most of the groups got similar results.
For a video showing how the polymer was made, the unchilled rebound test, and the chilled rebound test...watch this.
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